Travels in Tibet, Volume 5

Kawaguchi Ekai explores Lhasa’s everyday life, from money and printing to family customs, healing practices, and garden festivities.

His account widens into debates over Russia, British India, Qing China, and Nepal, preserving reported rumors and the traveler’s forceful arguments about Tibet’s future.

The complete fifth supplied installment closes with the Monlam festival, the treasury’s unusual tax measures, and the livelihoods of soldiers. All supplied verse and surviving illustration captions remain, with concise notes on names, uncertainties, and historical claims.